According to the estimates in The global burden of disease: 2004 update, which was published in 2008, there were 59 million deaths in the world in 2004. The broad category of all "noncommunicable diseases" killed 35 million people; communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions, and nutritional conditions killed 18 million people worldwide; and external causes of injuries killed 6 million people.
The following are the leading causes of death:
| No. | Cause | Estimated number of deaths (in millions) | Percent of all deaths |
| 1 | Ischaemic heart disease | 7.2 | 12.2 |
| 2 | Cerebrovascular disease | 5.7 | 9.7 |
| 3 | Lower respiratory infections | 4.2 | 7.1 |
| 4 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3.0 | 5.1 |
| 5 | Diarrhoeal diseases | 2.2 | 3.7 |
| 6 | HIV/AIDS | 2.0 | 3.5 |
| 7 | Tuberculosis | 1.5 | 2.5 |
| 8 | Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers | 1.3 | 2.3 |
| 9 | Road traffic accidents | 1.3 | 2.2 |
| 10 | Prematurity and low birth weight | 1.2 | 2.0 |
| 11 | Neonatal infectionsa | 1.1 | 1.9 |
| 12 | Diabetes mellitus | 1.1 | 1.9 |
Source: Global Burden of Disease: 2004 update
This category also includes other non-infectious causes arising in the perinatal period, apart from prematurity, low birth weight, birth trauma and asphyxia. These non-infectious causes are responsible for about 20% of deaths shown in this category.
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